Surfacing-machine.



C. F. HEINKEL & WPGL LUETERS.

SURFACING- MACHINE.

APPLICATION HLED SEPT. 19, 1913.

Patented May 22, 1917,

2 sHEETS-SHEET luu .1. L

1 m/ y L" v I mmmm.

C. F. HEiNKEL & W. G. LUETERS.

SURFACING MABHINE' APPLICATION FILED S EPT- I9. 1913,

Patented May 22, 1917.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

i III iii \m. Vi

CHRISTIAN r. HEINKEL AND. WILLIAM-G. tun'rnns, or CLEVELAND, omo;

SURFAGING-MACHINE.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented May 22,1917.

Application filed September 19, 1913. Serial No. 790,793.

To all whom it may concern Be it known that We, CHRISTIAN F. HEIN- KELand WILLIAM G. LUn'rERs, citizens of the United States, both residing atCleveland, in the county of Cuyahoga and State of Ohio, have inventedanew and useful Surfacing-Machine, of which the following is aspecification.

Our invention relates to improvements in surfacing machines in which anabrasive belt is brought to bear'upon and smooth a surface. a

The main object of our invention is an efiicient and comparativelyinexpensive machine. .A number of minor and contributing objects willbecome obvious later in the specification and some of them will bepointed out particularly when describing the particular constructionshown in the drawings.

We attain our objects by a novel arrangement and improvement. ofelements as is suflicientlyillustrated in the accompanying drawingswhich show our invention embodied in a belt sander.

In the said drawings, Figure I is a front view of a belt sanderembodying our invention; Fig. II is a side view of Fig. I; Fig. III is asection on line 60-60 of Fig. II; Fig. IV is a section on line bb ofFig. I; Fig. V is a section on line c-'c of Fig. I; and Fig. VI is asectional view showing a matrix with rollers.

Similar reference characters refer to similar parts throughout theseveral views.

Our invention, conveniently titled surfacing machine, may be used for avariety of purposes, for instance, surfacing, smoothing, polishing,etc., of wood, metal, 'or other materials. V

For the purpose of illustration, we have embodied our invention inthebelt sander shown in the drawings, but wish to be understood that wedo not limit ourselves 'to the particular construction shown.

Referring now particularly to the drawings: The base l'is provided withthebosses 2 to which the housings 3 are bolted, with the bearings Iwhich receive the shaft 5,'

and with the bearing surface 6 to which the gear case 7 is bolted.

At their lower portion, the housings 8 are provided with slidesjS andbearings 9 for the screws -10 and-a't their upper por tion with surfaces11 to which the guide bar 12 is bolted, with the surface 18 to which.the bracket 14 is boltedfand with the bearings 15 and 16. For thepurpose of providing a large operatingspace for the table, the upperportion of the housings 3 are overhanging or form extensions. Since highvibrations are usually set up in a machine of this character, it isdesirable that these overhanging extensions be connected so as tostiffen the machine. This obj ectwe accomplish by providing the brace 17between these extensions. Furtherbraces may be provided where foundnecessary,

the object being to provide a machine whichis rigid and as free fromvibrations as possible when in operation.

In order to provide for a large capacity or operating space of themachine, and to do so economically, we form the overhanging arms orextensions directly on the housing 3 as distinguished from merelyletting the pulleys overhang asat present. With our arrangement, acomparatively short machine may be employed to operate on long -workwhich is also wider than the approximate width of the abrasive beltwithout turning the work end for end. Our arrangement also producesbetter work at less expense than heretofore since the surfacing I is alldone in one direction which produces a better finished article thansurfacing in different directions could do, it being well I known thatsurfacing in different directions shows plainly and detrimentally on afinished article. In the old machines it is necessary that long and widework be turned end for end which requires a certain amount of floorspace and labor and which neces-.

sitates that the work is piled some distance from the machine whichrequires that the operator must carry or convey the work a certaindistance which also requires expense andlabor. g g

In order to avoid all of the above disad- I vantages and produce amachine which requires less floor space than heretofore,

which is more economical of first cost than heretofore, whichis moreeconomical of op- I eration than heretofore, and which does better; workthan heretofore, we provide, among the other features herein set forth,

I. down adjustmentfor. the table, the saddles.

18 are mounted on the slides 8 to slide up and down thereon. The nuts 19are secured that the upper portions of the housing 3 to the saddles 18and are adapted to receive the screws 10. At the upper portion, oneSaddle has a flat surface 20 while the other saddle has the V shapedsurface. 21; the

object for such arrangement will appear hereinafter. These saddlesshould be well stiffened to prevent vibration of the table.

The shaft 5 fits rotatably into the bearings 4, has a bevel gear 22secured to each end, passes through and has hearings in the gear case 7,and has the worm Wheel 23 secured thereon inside of the gear case 7.

The gear case. 7 has bearing 24 into which the shaft 25 fits rotatably,and has a space adapted to receive the worm 26 which is secured to thelower end of the shaft 25 and meshes with the worm wheel 23. The handWheel 27 is secured to the upper end of shaft 25.

The screws 10 are threaded on their upper end and adapted to engage thenuts 19, fit rotatably into bearings 9, and have, at their lower end,the bevel gears 28 which mesh with the gears 22.

The table 29 has stiffeners 30 to which the rollers 31 and 32 areconveniently secured and is adapted to travel traversely by means of therollers 31 and 32 and up and down by means of the screws 10 and theirconnecting mechanism. For the purpose of stiffening the table 29lengthwise, the spacers 33 are secured to the under side of the table 29and a lug 34 is provided on each end of the stiffeners 30. The lugs areprovided on the. lower end of each spacer 33 and the braces 36 connectthe lugs 34 and 35. Adjustment may be provided on the braces 36 tofacilitate manufacture and to take up wear. Such adjustment is commonpractice and should be obvious. Similar braces may be provided on thetable 29 to stiffen the same cross wise.

A satisfactoryaand easy method of mounting the guide rollers 31 and 32is shown on a larger scale in Fig. III. The guide rollers 32 have theirouter circumference grooved and adapted to the V shaped surfaces 21 andhave their inner opening provided with race ways 37 which are adapted toreceive a series of rolls 38 and may or may not have spacerstherebetween as is common practice in roller and ball bearings. Thestuds 39 have race ways 40 which are adapted to the rolls 38 and alsohave the reduced portions 41 which fit snugly into openings in thestiffeners 30 and are held therein securely by the nuts 42. The guiderollers 31 are similar to the guide rollers 32 except that the outercircumference is flat and adapted to the surfaces 20 whereas the guiderollers 32 are grooved and adapted to the surfaces 21; otherwise thegeneral construction is the same. This arrangement is simple ofconstruction since the inner race also forms the shaft and the expenseof forming separate. sleeves and shafts (as is common in such bearings)is eliminated, and furthermore the outer and inner races being muchheavier than in the usual bearings, the danger of warping during thehardening process is lessened and, consequently, less material need beallowed for grinding and, therefore, less expense incurred in grinding;and furthermore, these heavier parts will not break as easy as thelighter ones. All of which constitutes a novel arrangement .of elementswhich adds materially totheutility of the machine.

The shaft 43 fits rotatably into the bearings 15 and 16 on one of thehousings 3 and has the ulley 44 secured to its front end. The shaft 45which is the driving shaft, fits rotatably into the bearings 15 and 16on the other housing 3 and has the pulley 46 secured to its front endand the tight and loose pulleys 47 to its rear end.

The bracket 14 has a pin 48 upon which the lever 49 is fulcrumed. Oneend of this lever 49 carries the idler 50 and the other end carries thecounterweight 51 which may be placed in a suitable-position along thelever 49 to give the belt the required tension and secured in suchposition by means of the set screw 52. The pulleys 44, 46, and 50 are inalinement.

Since it is desirable that a machine of this kind be adapted to operateover a large surface, we provide the traverse movement for the table 29as hereinbefore described and we further provide the head A and adaptthe same to travel along, the guide bar 12. In order to facilitate thistravel, a. number of antifriction guide rollers are mounted in the headA and in order to facilitate manufacture and to take up wear, theseguide rollers are adjustably mounted.

The guide bar 12 has its edges beveled as clearly seen in Fig. IV andthe outer circumference of the guide rollers 53 and 54 is arranged for aseries of rolls similar to those shown in Fig. III and described inconnection therewith. The inner race has, in this instance, reducedportions 55 at each end instead of the one designated as 41 in Fig. III.One reduced portion 5.) of the rollers 53 is mounted in the housing 56of the head A in proper relation with the guide bar 12 while the otherreduced portion is mounted in the housing 57 of the head A also inproper relation with the guide bar 12. One reduced portion 55 of therollers 54 is mounted in the saddle 58 while the other reduced portion55 is mounted in the bracket 59 which is secured to the saddle 58. Thesaddles 58 are mounted in the housing 56 as best seen in Fig. V and areheld in position by means of the gibs 60 and the screws 61.

It has been seen that the table 29 is provided with up and down movementor adj ustment by means of the hand wheel 27 and its connectingmechanism. This arrange ment is for the purpose of adjusting the tableto suit any particular work to be done by the machine. It is, however,desirable that some means he at hand whereby the abrasive belt 62 may bebrought to bear upon or removed from the surface operated upon morereadily than by adjusting the table itself Which is generally cumbersomeand requires extra time for operation particularly so when screws areused to tighten the saddles to the slides 8 which is commonly done andwhich we prefer to do. In order to save this time and produce an easyand rapid method of bringing the active surface of the belt 62 upon oraway from the surface operated upon, the spindle 63 is mounted in thehead A to travel up and down or longitudinally and, in order to reducethe friction and effort required for that purpose to a' minimum,antifriction rollers are employed to bear against the spindle 63.

The spindle 63 is made of tubing and has four beveled surfaces 64 asbest seen in Fig. V. Tothe lower end of the spindle 63 is secured theplug 65 to which the matrix holder 66 is hinged by means of the pin 67as best seen in Fig. IV. When this machine is intended for polishing orsimilar purposes, this matrix holder 66 may swivel traversely to, thetravel of the belt 62 so that the matrix 68 may adjust itself crosswiseto any inequalities which may occur when a number of pieces'are operatedupon successively since it is well known in the art that it ispractically impossible to manufacture a number of pieces so near alikethat a rigid head will smooth the surfaces properly without removing anexcessive amount of material which requires a certain amount of time;the swivel matrix holder which we provide saves this time. a When,however, the machine is intended to surface a num-. ber ofpiecessuccessively and all to the same size and shape, the matrix holdershould be rigidly secured to the spindle which may be accomplished byany of the well known means of clampingthe matrix holder to the lug. Toinsure even thicknesses of the pieces operated upon we'provide the stopcollar 69 which may be set to any required position, preferably byclampingit to the spindle 63, since a set screw may mar the surface ofthe spindle and cause it to stick when it comes under the guide rollers.Instead of thespindlel63being made of round tubing and flattened asshown, it may be made of square or other shaped tubing; the object beingto prevent the spindle 63 from turning sothat the matrix will alwaysretain its proper position since the lower surface of the matrix mayhave an irregular contouras for instance -in 'moldingsand any turning'ofthe spindle may destroy the each other.

required shape of the article operated upon. Another object being tomake the spindle as light and sensitive as possible; this we accomplishby using tubing for the spindle.

In order to preventthe aforesaid turning of'the spindle 63 and toprovide for easy movement thereof, the guide rollers 70 and 71 areprovided with their outer circumference grooved to suit the bevelsurfaces 6 of the spindle 63 as best seen in Fig. V and with their innerportion arranged to receive a series of rolls similar to the rolls 38seen in Fig. III. The inner races also being similar to the stud 39except that the reduced portions 7 2 are provided on each end whereasthe stud 39 of Fig; III has one reduced portion 41 only. One reducedportion 72 of each roller 70 is mounted in a saddle 73 while the otherreduced portion 72 is mounted in the bracket 74L which is secured to thesaddle 73. The saddles 73 are held in position in the head A by means ofthe gibs 75 and are moved for adjustment by means, of the screws 76 asbest seen in Fig. V, the saddles 58 being likewise moved 'for adjustmentby means of the screws 7 7 a suitable slideway for the saddles 58 and 73being provided in the head A.

One reduced portion of each guide roller 71 is mounted in the housing 56of the head A while the other reduced portion 71 is mounted in thehousing 57 of the head A.

The object of mounting the saddles as shown is to provide adjustment forthe rollers in two directions at right angles with With such arrangementit is not necessary that all of the parts be machined accurately, it isquite an undertaking t6 machine the parts sufiiciently accurate andquickly so that the rollers will bear evenly and nicely upon thesurfaces of the spindle. Adjustment in one direction .is accomplished bythe screws 76 and 77 as hereinbefore described whereas adjustment in theother direction is accomplished as follows: When loosening the screws 61(Fig. V) of the left hand side for instance and tightening the screws 61on the right hand side, the roller will be shifted toward the left handside. WVhen the rollers are to be adjusted traversely to the adjust-.ment'just described, the slides should be arranged at right angles tothe arrangement shown in the drawings which are intendedto show ourinvention generally. This modification, as well as many others, isthought obvious to those skilled inthe art and to need no detaileddescription or drawing since the drawings show sufficient mechanism toillustrate our invention.

. In order to move the spindle 63 up and down or longitudinally, thehousing 57 of .the head A has two ears 7 8 between which I the lever 79ishinged by means of the pin 80 and the plug 65 has an ear 81 towhichthe connecting rod 82 is hinged by means of the pin 83. The other end ofthe connecting rod 82 being hinged to the lever 7 9 by means of the pin84.

In order to prevent the spindle 63 from moving down by gravity and bringthe abrasive belt in contact with the table or with the material then onthe table, the spring 85 is provided inside of the hollow spindle 63.The upper end of the spring 85 being secured to the spindle 63 by meansof the pin 86 and the lower end being secured to the housing 57 of thehead A by means of the pin 87. In order to permit the spindle (S3 totravel longitudinally when the pin 87 is in position, a. passing throughthe spindle in order to find lodging in the housing, the slot 88 isprovided in the spindle 63.

In order to reduce friction, the matrix may be provided with a series ofrolls which are formed with the required contour. Such arrangement isshown in Fig. VI where the matrix 68 carries a series of rollers 89. Inorder to reduce friction still further, these rollers 89 may be providedwith antifriction bearings similar to the guide rollers previously shownand described.

The belt 62 has abrasive material upon its outer surface which abrasivematerial may constitute sand and glass as generally used for woodworking or emery or carborundum or other material as used for metalworking or anv other suitable material for the above or other purposes.Such an endless belt which gives good results may readily be made ofsandpaper or emery paper or emery cloth by removing the abrasivematerial from a suitable distance at one end of a strip of such paper orcloth of the required or necessary length to pass over the pulleys andlapping the ends and gluing them together; care being taken so that theinside lap runs with the direction of the belt travel as is well knownin the construction of endless belts. The belt 62 passes over thepulleys 44: and tti and 50 and also over the matrix 68 for which purposeall of these elements should be in alinement.

Since a machine of this kind produces considerable dust, it is desirablethat an exhaust fan (not shown in the drawings) be employed and that allmoving parts be protccted as much as possible. In the head A this may bedone by placing all of the guide rollers inside of the housing asindicated in the drawings. As a further precaution, brushes may beapplied or secured to the machine at suitable positions or whereverfound necessary or advisable, to brush off whatever dust may havecollected on ex posed parts before the moving parts pass thereover. Thisbrush arrangement is thought obvious without or description.

The section of the upper and rear portion of Fig. TV is taken somewhatback of line 19-?) to show the arrangement of the saddle, gibs andhousing.

The operation of the machine shown in the drawings is as follows: Theendless and abrasive belt 62 being placed over the pulleys and matrix asset forth and a source of power being applied to rotate the shaft at?)as for instance a belt on the pulleys t7, the abrasive belt is set inmotion and travels over the pulleys 44, re, and 50 and over the matrix.The material to be operated upon is placed upon the table 29 which isthen adjusted to a convenient height by means of the hand wheel 27 whichrotates the shaft 25 and the worm 20 whereby the worm wheel 23 and theshaft 5 and the gears 22 are rotated which in turn rotate the gears 28and the screws 10; when the desired height of the table elevation isreached, the saddles 18 areclamped in position. Traverse adjustment ofthe table is accomplished in this instance by merely pushing the tableto the desired position horizontally for which purpose the top portionof the saddles is made long as shown in the drawings. The table beingprevented from displacement by the beveled surfaces 21 and yet will notbind and will always move freely owing to the flat surface 20 whichpermits of variation between the surface 20 and the rollers 31 wherebyease of manufacture (the parts need not be machined accurately) isattained and wear of the slides and bearings may be taken up withoutdisturbing the free movement of the table. The spindle 63 is held up andout of the way by the spring 85. Now take hold of the lever 79 and pulloutward and downward. The lever 79 being hinged to the housing, willfulcrum on the pin 80 and cause the pin 84 to travel on this fulcrumwhereby a downward movement is given to the connecting rod 82 and alsoto the spin dle 63. hen the spindle is so moved down and the abrasivebelt touches or is pressed upon the surface to be smoothed, the lever 79will stand outward from the head A which is then moved along the bar 12by pushing the same lever 79 back and forth longitudinally as required.lVhen the head A is so moved, the matrix also moves with it and thesurface over which it moves will be smoothed. When the work iscompleted, the lever 79 is released or pushed up and will be held in theupper position shown in the drawings by means of the spring 85. When asurface wider than the matrix is to be smoothed, the lever 79 may beoperated by one hand and the table 29 moved traversely by the otherhand. hen the spindle 63 is operated up and down, the belt 62 furtherdrawing weight 51 being set inproper position on the lever d9tofacilitate such movement and to provide the required tension on thebelt 62. The guide rollers are adjusted by ma nipulating the screws 7 6and 77 and the gibs'60 and 75 as hereinbefore set forth.

The Construction and operation of the machine shown in the drawingsshould now be clear.

We will now add a few general remarks which will further explain ourinvention and help to understand the same.

Our invention aims toproduce a machine which has a wide range ofoperation, in which the manuallabor for operation is re duced to aminimum, which has a long life, and in which the operating members arein convenient positions for the operator and are made light in weight.We accomplish our aim by new and novel arrangements and combinations ofold elements with new ones or improved ones as shown in the drawings anddescribed in connection therewith and as indicated, generally, by thefollowing suggestions for modifications: I

In order to reduce friction, all moving parts may be provided withantifriction bearings instead of those shown in the drawings. In orderto prolong the life of the machine, all bearings may be made adjustable.The drawings show alternate guide rollers provided with adjustablebearings but all of the guide rollers may have such bearings] Thespindle, matrix, and operating levers should be as light as possible inorder to provide ease of operation and sensitiveness for operation. Theoverhanging arms on the housings should be as'stiif as possible toprevent vibration of the machine. The table may also be provided withtraverse braces similar 'to the longitudinal braces shown in thedrawings. A rack may be secured to one of the saddles or to the housingand a pinion mounted on the tablefor hand operation and to mesh with therack for traverse feed of the table. A suitable clamping arrangement maybe provided to clamp the table in any traverse position. Guides may beplaced on the tableso that a number of pieces to be operated upon may beplaced thereon successively in the same position with relation to thematrix. The head A may be omitted, in which case the operator holds thematrix in his hand and moves it along the surface to be smoothed.Automatic feed in both directions may be provided for the head Atogether with automatic feed reverse either at each end of the guide baror at any point intermediate the ends.

It is thought that the scope of our invention is now fully understood.

l Vithout limiting ourselves to the particular construction shown anddescribed, we claim:

1. In a surfacing machine, the combination of a housing, two rotatableshafts on the housing, a pulley on the front end of each shaft, anabrasive belt over the pulleys, means for taking up the slack in thebelt, a guide bar with beveled edges secured to and connecting thehousing near the top, a head to travel lengthwise on the bar, fourrollers mounted in the head and having a V shaped circumference, eachroller engaging two of the beveled edges to prevent lost motion of thehead both traversely and vertically, a matrix mounted in the head andadapted to press the abrasive belt upon the work, a table, means foroperating the table, and means for operating the abrasive belt.

2. A surfacing machine having a bed and a housing, a table mountedthereon, two arms projecting from the housing and overhanging the tableto permit of work longer than the machine to be operated upon, a guidebar with beveled edges secured to and connecting the arms, a head totravel longitudinally on the guide bar, four rollers with a V shapedouter circumference mounted in the head, each rollerengaging two of thebeveled edges to prevent vertical and traverse movement of the head, arotatable shaft mounted on each arm, a pulley on the front end of eachshaft, an abrasive belt over the pulleys, a matrix mounted in the headand adapted to press the abrasive belt upon the work, means for takingup the slack in the belt, and means for operatingthe belt and the table.7

3. A surfacing machine having a bed and housing, a table mountedthereon, two arms projecting from the housing and overhanging the tableto permit of Work longer than the machine to be operated upon, a guidebar with beveled edges secured to and connecting the arms, a head totravel longitudinally on the guide bar, four rollers with V shaped outercircumference mounted in the head, each roller engaging two of thebeveled edges to prevent vertical and traverse movement of the head, asecond set of four rollers with V shaped outer circumferences mounted inthe head, a spindle with four flat and longitudinal surfaces between thelast mentioned rollers, each roller engaging two of the flat surfaces tohold the spindle in alinement and prevent rotation thereof, a matrix onthe end of the spindle, a rotatable shaft on each arm, a pulley on thefront end of each shaft, an abrasive belt over the pulleys and thematrix, means for taking up the slack of the belt, and means foroperating the matrix and the table and the belt.

42. The combination of a guide bar having beveled edges with a headhaving rollers formed to engage the beveled edges for the purpose setforth and having a spindle with flat longitudinal surfaces and rollersformed to engage the flat surfaces for the purpose set forth.

5. In a surfacing machine, the combination of a bed and housing thereon,a guide bar secured to the housing, a head suspended upon the guide bar,a spindle in the head, a plurality of flat surfaces longitudinally onthe spindle, a plurality of guide rollers hearing against the spindle,the outer circumference of each guide roller formed to en gage two ofthe flat and longitudinal surfaces on the spindle, the innercircumference of each guide roller forming the outer race for a seriesof rolls, a stud for each guide roller mounted in the head and formingthe inner race for the rolls, a series of rolls between the inner andouter races, a matrix on the spindle, means for operating the spindle,an abrasive belt passing over the aforesaid pulleys and over the matrix,a source of power to operate the belt, a 1n0vabge table, and means foroperating the ta 1e.

6. The head A having a set of guide rollers, the outer circumference ofthese guide rollers formed to engage a guide from which the head issuspended, the inner circumference or recess of the guide rollersforming the outer race for a series of rolls, a stud for each of theguide rollers mounted in the head and forming the inner race for therolls, and a series of rolls between each inner and outer race.

7. In a surfacing machine, the combination of a guide bar having bevelededges, and head suspended from the guide bar and having rollers, andeach roller formed to engage two of the beveled edges.

8. In a surfacing machine, the combination of a head, a spindle havinglongitudinal fiat surfaces in the head, each two flat surfaces at anangle with each other, a set of rollers in the head, each roller formedto engage two of the flat surfaces, and means for adjusting the rollersin relation to the spindle. CHRISTIAN F. HEINKEL. IVILLIAM G. LUETERS.Vitnesses HENRY R. SYDow,

MAXIMILLIAN Mrsorr.

Copies of this patent may be obtained for five cents each, by addressingthe Commissioner of Patents, Washington, D. C.

